Faculty: Rod Korba, Department of Communication
Librarian: Julia Gustafson, Electronic Services Librarian
Proposal Overview
- Description of the nature of the project
This proposal describes the redesign of an academic course that will foster
active learning and critical thinking, through the development of a series of
exercises and self-paced instruction created to help communication students
acquire and practice information literacy skills. These exercises will be
incorporated into a series of assignments that deal with gathering news stories
from the national and international press, and will culminate in a major
research project on that analysis of political and economic bias in the news
media.
Within the department curriculum, formal research projects are required in
virtually every 200 level communication course. These courses obligate students
to identify and locate information sources, and to incorporate and integrate
that information into a well-reasoned set of arguments, with little formal
instruction on how to gather, evaluate, and process that information. However,
the content of these intermediate courses virtually mandate that only a small
portion of class time can be set aside for formal instruction in acquiring
these information literacy skills. Additionally, the duplication of these same
information acquisition strategies would be redundant in each of these courses.
Therefore, it is essential that these academic assignments be supplemented with
formal exercises and self-paced systems of instruction on how to independently
acquire information literacy skills, in a format that is applicable (and
accessible) to all of our communication courses.
The intent of this proposal is to develop a framework or model of information
literacy instruction, in an efficient format, for all intermediate communication
courses. Designed in cooperation with the Communication Department faculty and
in collaboration with Julia Gustafson, Electronic Services Librarian at The
College of Wooster, these formal exercises and self-paced system of instruction
would teach students how to:
- Identify a research topic, or other information needs.
- Develop a thesis statement and formulate questions designed to address the information needs implied by that statement.
- Explore general information sources (e.g., reference sources, articles in
magazines and journals, books, web sites, etc.) to increase familiarity with
the topic.
- Identify key concepts and terms that describe the information need.
- Learn how best to search and/or manipulate databases and/or print indexes,
the library catalog, and the Web.
- Define or modify the information needed to achieve a manageable focus.
- Recognize that existing information can be combined with original thought,
experimentation, and/or analysis to produce new information.
This information literacy proposal focuses on the development of:
- a well-defined student research project on bias in national and
international journalism.
- a content-specific internet site that deals with the analysis of political
and economic bias in national and international journalism.
- instruction sessions in the library that focus on finding information
sources for the analysis of political and economic bias in national and
international journalism.
- a web-based tutorial on how to develop research questions.
Although these web pages are communication course specific, they are also
interdisciplinary in nature. Virtually every course that requires a research
project, requires students to participate in the process of choosing a topic,
and through a series of information literacy tasks, developing a suitable and
manageable research question.
Appended to this document are outlines for the web page content for the
analysis of political and economic bias in the news media (see appendix A),
and the web-based tutorial on how to develop research questions (see Appendix
B).
These models of information literacy instruction, developed with the support
of the grant funds, will: 1.) reinforce scholarly research processes in an
interdisciplinary fashion or provide a more thorough grounding to communication
students who are or will be experiencing the formal process of Independent
Study at The College of Wooster; 2.) lead to more systematic inquiry than is
currently available to students in the communication curriculum; and 3.) offer
this instruction in an efficient and effective manner.
Although not addressed in specific detail, this proposal will incorporate
as many of the five information literacy criteria, in the Five Colleges of
Ohio "Integrating Information Literacy into the Liberal Arts Curriculum" grant
proposal guidelines, as possible.
Understand in a basic sense how resource information is produced, disseminated,
and organized, including differences among primary, secondary, and tertiary
literature, and the distinction between popular and peer-reviewed literature;
Understand basic tools for accessing information, including catalogs, indexes,
and bibliographies, in both print and electronic format, and particularly the
structure of electronic databases;
Learn basic search strategies for accessing information, including how to
determine the nature of information needed and how to formulate and refine
questions throughout the search;
Learn to evaluate the quality and appropriateness of information, including
the ability to question the place, context, and time in which information was
produced; the reliability and potential biases of the original source of the
information, and whether the information has been reviewed by trustworthy
referees; and
Understand how to make effective and appropriate use of information, in light
of issues of intellectual property and copyright in the electronic age; the
need to synthesize and reconcile differences in information obtained from
varying and sometimes conflicting sources; and protocols for properly citing
sources and avoiding plagiarism.
It is anticipated that a formal evaluation of this information literacy
project will be conducted by the faculty of the Department of Communication
during May of 2002. The results of this analysis will be an integral part of
the final project report.
- Time line for course development and implementation
Phase One: Spring 2001 (January-May)
- Regular "brainstorming" meetings with Julia Gustafson, Electronic Services
Librarian to: a.) locate web content and design that might be applicable to
this proposal; b.) design the student research project; c.) storyboard a
web-based tutorial on how to develop research questions; d.) design
instruction sessions in the library that will focus on finding information
sources, and e.) "storyboard" a content-specific web site for the student
project.
Phase Two: Summer 2001 (May-September)
- Formalize the bias exercises in print journalism and research projects.
- Design the formal exercises and a self-paced system of web site instruction
on identifying and selecting a topic.
- Construct the web site tutorial on selecting a topic and defining the
research question.
- Develop the information literacy criteria developed by the Five Colleges
of Ohio Libraries to include the content for the instruction sessions in the
library that will explore general information sources (e.g., reference sources,
articles in magazines and journals, books, Web sites, etc.) and search and/or
manipulate databases and/or print indexes, the library catalog, and the Web.
- Construct a content-specific web site for the student project on the
analysis of political and economic bias in the news media.
Phase Three: Fall 2001 - Winter 2002 (September-January)
- Pilot Phase: Operational test of the project with the COMM 229 students,
in class.
- Presentation of the project to the Department of Communication for
discussion, recommendations and revisions. The final evaluation of the project
in relation to the course will be completed one month after the course ends.
Phase Four: Spring 2002 (May-June)
- Evaluation of the web site focusing on the analysis of political and
economic bias in the news media, and the web-based tutorial on how to develop
research questions.
Appendix A
Web Page: Analyzing News Bias
Newspapers still have a strong impact on our perceptions of reality. When
printed copy and photographic images that report national or international
events, are published in reputable newspapers, these news stories shape i
ndividual and public opinion about the nature of news events, and influence our
perceptions of the world we live in. Yet there are always (at least) two sides
to a news story.
Ultimately the news that is reported in this country is "our" construction of
national or world events. If you travel internationally, you realize quickly
that there are always alternate "constructions of reality" that Americans are
seldom exposed to. How and why the media reflect our particular "construction
of reality," is an important theme in Communication 229, and in other courses
across the curriculum. But this theme of media bias is difficult for our students
to acknowledge and appreciate. After all, we really don't gain access to
alternative points of view in our mainstream media.
In the past, I have constructed major class assignments that attempted to
compare news stories from our indigenous newspapers, with the same-day story
that was covered by the international press. This was a frustrating assignment
for the students, because they often did not have access to English language
versions of the foreign press, that would enable them to compare news stories
published in foreign countries where the political and economic philosophies
differed radically from our own. Today, with internet access and many i
nternational newspapers "publishing" on-line, English versions of their dailies,
gaining access to that information has changed.
The design of a web page, that would guide students through this process, would
include:
- A list of United States newspapers published on-line.
- A list of where to find electronic news from American papers (e.g.
www.nytimes.com).
- An evaluation of the more liberal and the more conservative US newspapers.
- A list of overseas newspapers that publish in English.
- Where to find foreign, English language newspapers (e.g. www.londontimes.com).
- A list of foreign news publications translated into English.
- A list of where to find English language versions of foreign papers
(e.g. www.pravda.com).
- How to use translators on the Internet.
- Resources for finding and using internet translators (as a second option
to published English language version of foreign press).
- A ranking or ratings list of the more liberal and more conservative foreign
newspapers.
- Evaluating the resources that you find.
- A list of resources and web sites for "in-country briefings" on documents.
- Political/economic profiles of foreign countries (from a neutral source
if possible).
- Comments about human perception and journalistic objectivity.
- Instructions on how to conduct different forms of content analysis.
- Methodology concerns for comparing news sources.
- How to pick a topic.
- What type of topics work well for this assignment
- Moving from questions to research statements.
This web page would directly address all 5 goals of the information literacy
campaign.
1.) Understanding how information is produced, disseminated and organized.
2.) Understanding how to use catalogues, indexes and bibliographies.
3.) Learning basic search strategies for accessing information, formulate and
refine questions throughout the search. 4.) Learning to evaluate the quality
and the appropriateness of information. 5.) Understanding issues of intellectual
property.
Appendix B
Interactive Web Page: Developing Research Questions
Finding a research topic is always a difficult process for students. Some
are blinded by high self expectations, while others have difficulty committing
to an idea. Some students see the topic as a validation of their intellectual
identity, while others seem to want to please their professors instead of their
own intellectual curiosity.
Topic selection, and the subsequent movement toward a manageable and precise
research question, can take on as many forms as there are questions themselves.
None-the-less, there are some important guidelines that can be provided,
questions that can be asked every step along the way, and exercises that can be
conducted to help students move from research topics to research questions.
The design of a web page, that would guide students through this process,
would include:
- How to pick a topic
- Analyze the assignment.
- Analyzing your interests.
- Progressing from topics and themes?to general questions.
- Conducting a "key words" searches.
- Using catalogues, indexes, and bibliographies
- Narrowing or broadening the general question
- Conducting a preliminary literature review.
- Locating sources.
- Identifying search strategies.
- Defining the research questions
- Word "Smithing" or developing scholarly precision with the research
question.
- Turning Questions into statements
- Thesis Statements
- Research Hypotheses
This web page would directly address 4 of the 5 goals of the information
literacy campaign.
Understanding how information is produced, disseminated and organized.
2.) Understanding how to use catalogues, indexes, and bibliographies.
3.) Learning basic search strategies for accessing information, formulate and
refine questions throughout the search. 4.) Learning to evaluate the quality and
the appropriateness of information.
This project will examine existing self-paced web sites and web-based tutorials,
in order to determine which methods of instruction on the internet are most
effective. The projected design of this web page is based upon information that
is currently available on this topic. This content might easily change as the
project develops.
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